Allergy

Allergy is a condition in which the overactive immune system reacts to certain substances that would otherwise be innocuous for most people. When an individual prone to allergies comes into contact with an allergen, misidentification by the immune system occurs, triggering several symptoms that relate to an area or the whole body. An allergy would manifest itself in different ways, such as by skin rashes, respiratory problems, or indigestion, depending on its type and level of reaction. There are several types of allergies: from environmental allergens like pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander to food allergies like peanuts, shellfish, and dairy products, and drug allergies in terms of reactions to medicines. Other allergy sources include bites and stings of insects and exposure to latex. Any allergy may manifest in various ways and needs to be managed differently. The exact cause of allergies is sometimes vague, although genetic predisposition and environmental factors are considered causative agents. Allergies or asthma in families puts one at a higher risk of acquiring any allergic conditions. Environmental factors, whereby some people are the first ones exposed to specific allergens early in life, may also contribute to the development of allergies. Treatment for allergies is usually directed toward relieving symptoms and preventing allergic reactions. Common modes of treatment include avoiding known allergens, reducing symptoms with antihistamines, and utilizing corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Those with severe allergies may need epinephrine injections to reverse anaphylactic reactions. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, otherwise known as allergy shots, is also applicable for long-term palliation and desensitization.