Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a serious lung infection that can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The condition leads to inflammation of the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs, which fill with fluid or pus. This inflammation disrupts normal breathing by impairing the lung’s ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the body. As a result, individuals with pneumonia often experience significant breathing difficulties. The symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to severe and may vary depending on the cause and overall health of the affected person. Common symptoms include a persistent cough that may produce phlegm, high fever, chills, and shortness of breath. Chest pain is another common symptom, often described as sharp or stabbing and worsening with deep breaths or coughing. Additional symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, and a loss of appetite. In more severe cases, particularly among older adults or those with weakened immune systems, confusion or disorientation may occur. These symptoms can interfere significantly with daily activities and overall quality of life. Pneumonia can be caused by a range of pathogens. Bacterial pneumonia is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and can be severe if untreated. Viral pneumonia, such as that caused by the influenza virus, can also be serious, especially in vulnerable populations. Fungal pneumonia, though less common, can occur in individuals with compromised immune systems. Other risk factors include chronic lung conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and exposure to irritants like smoke or pollution. Weakened immune systems, due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS or cancer treatments, can significantly increase the risk of developing pneumonia.