Tracheal stenting is a medical procedure used to open or support the windpipe when it is narrowed or blocked. This narrowing, called tracheal stenosis, can occur due to a variety of conditions, such as tumors, infections, inflammation, trauma, or birth defects. Tracheal stents are small, tube-like devices made from materials such as metal or silicone that are inserted into the windpipe to keep it open and allow normal airflow to the lungs.
When is tracheal stenting used?
- Malignant tracheal obstruction: Often caused by cancerous growths in or around the windpipe.
- Benign tracheal stenosis: Narrowing of the windpipe due to scarring, injury, or inflammation.
- Tracheomalacia: A condition in which the windpipe walls weaken and collapse, making it difficult to breathe.
- Postoperative complications: After airway surgery, scarring can sometimes cause obstruction. Types of tracheal stents:
Types of Tracheal Stents:
- Silicone stents – often used for benign diseases, are removable and flexible.
- Metal stents: These are used for malignant diseases, expand on their own and usually remain in place permanently.
Procedure:
The stent is usually inserted using a bronchoscope, a thin tube with a camera that allows the doctor to view the trachea. Depending on the complexity, the procedure may be performed under general or local anesthesia.
Risks and Considerations:
- Infection
- Stent migration (movement from original location)
- Granulation tissue (scarring) around the stent
- Blockage or mucus formation in the stent
Tracheal stent placement can significantly improve breathing and quality of life for patients with tracheal obstruction. However, it is often considered a temporary solution, especially for harmless conditions.